Program Project Grants (P01) are a funding mechanism provided by various institutions, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH), to support integrated, multi-project research endeavors that address complex scientific questions. These grants typically involve several interrelated projects, each led by an individual principal investigator, but working towards a common goal. In the context of Epidemiology, P01 grants are instrumental in advancing our understanding of disease patterns, risk factors, and prevention strategies at a population level.