- Genetics: Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in determining an individual's muscle mass. - Physical Activity: Regular exercise, especially resistance training, is crucial for maintaining and increasing muscle mass. - Nutrition: Adequate protein intake is essential for muscle synthesis and repair. - Age: Muscle mass typically declines with age, a condition known as sarcopenia. - Hormones: Hormonal imbalances, such as low testosterone levels in men, can affect muscle mass.