Enhanced Stability: Nanovaccines can preserve the stability of antigens, making them more effective over time. Targeted Delivery: They can be engineered to target specific cells or tissues, optimizing the immune response. Controlled Release: Nanovaccines can be formulated for sustained release of antigens, reducing the need for booster doses. Reduced Side Effects: By targeting specific cells, nanovaccines can minimize off-target effects and adverse reactions.