Nanovaccines operate by encapsulating antigens within nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be made from various materials like lipids, polymers, or proteins. The encapsulation protects the antigens from premature degradation and can facilitate targeted delivery to specific cells, such as dendritic cells, which are crucial for initiating a robust immune response. Additionally, nanoparticles can incorporate adjuvants to further boost immunogenicity.
