The genetic makeup of a pathogen plays a significant role in its ability to cause disease. Genetic variations can lead to the emergence of new strains with different characteristics, such as increased antibiotic resistance or enhanced virulence. For example, the genetic mutation in the influenza virus can result in new strains that may evade the immune system, leading to seasonal flu outbreaks. Monitoring genetic changes in pathogens is essential for vaccine development and predicting future outbreaks.