Several factors contribute to under vaccination, including:
1. Vaccine Hesitancy: Misinformation and fear about vaccine safety can lead to people delaying or refusing vaccines. 2. Access Issues: Geographic, economic, and logistical barriers can prevent individuals from receiving vaccines. 3. Healthcare Infrastructure: Inadequate healthcare facilities and a lack of trained healthcare professionals can hinder vaccination efforts. 4. Socio-political Factors: Government policies, conflict zones, and cultural beliefs can also influence vaccination rates.