Post hoc tests are essential in epidemiological studies for several reasons:
1. Multiple Comparisons: When analyzing multiple groups or variables, post hoc tests help to pinpoint which specific groups differ from each other. 2. Error Control: They help in controlling the family-wise error rate, thus reducing the risk of type I errors (false positives). 3. Detailed Analysis: They provide a more detailed understanding of the data by identifying specific associations that may not be apparent from the initial analysis.
