Bias refers to systematic errors that can affect the validity of study results. Common types of bias include:
- Selection Bias: Occurs when participants selected for the study are not representative of the target population. - Information Bias: Arises from errors in measuring exposure or outcome. - Recall Bias: Particularly relevant in case-control studies, where participants may not accurately remember past exposures.
Epidemiologists use careful study design and statistical techniques to minimize bias.
