Wrinkles are primarily caused by a combination of intrinsic aging and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic aging refers to the natural decline in skin elasticity and collagen production that occurs as we age. Extrinsic factors include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, smoking, pollution, and repetitive facial expressions. These factors accelerate the breakdown of collagen and elastin fibers in the skin, leading to wrinkles.