In the field of epidemiology, inaccurate results can stem from several sources. These include measurement errors, selection bias, confounding variables, and information bias. Measurement errors occur when there is a discrepancy between the values obtained and the true values. Selection bias arises when the participants included in the study are not representative of the target population. Confounding variables are those that are related to both the exposure and the outcome but are not accounted for in the analysis. Information bias occurs when there is a systematic error in the way data is collected or reported.
