Resource Limitations: Access to high-quality training resources and opportunities can be limited, particularly in low-resource settings. Keeping Up with Advances: The field of epidemiology is constantly evolving, with new methodologies and technologies emerging. Continuous professional development is necessary to stay up-to-date. Balancing Theory and Practice: Ensuring that trainees receive both theoretical knowledge and practical experience can be challenging, but is essential for effective training. Interdisciplinary Integration: Epidemiology intersects with fields such as microbiology, biostatistics, and environmental science. Effective training must integrate knowledge from these diverse disciplines.