Selection Bias: Occurs when the participants included in a study are not representative of the target population. This can happen if certain groups are more likely to participate or if researchers inadvertently exclude certain demographics. Measurement Bias: Happens when the methods used to collect data favor certain groups over others, often due to differences in cultural norms or language barriers. Confounding Variables: These are outside influences that can skew results if not properly controlled for, such as varying access to healthcare or differences in lifestyle behaviors among different demographic groups.
