Indirect costs are the broader economic impacts of disease, such as loss of productivity, absenteeism, and the impact on a caregiver’s ability to work. For instance, a person suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) may miss work frequently, leading to decreased productivity and income. These costs can be significant and often outweigh the direct medical costs, making them an essential consideration in any economic evaluation of disease burden.
