Fertility rates refer to the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime. They are a crucial demographic metric in epidemiology because they influence population growth, age distribution, and the long-term health of populations. Various types of fertility rates include the crude birth rate (CBR), which measures the number of live births per 1,000 people per year, and the total fertility rate (TFR), which estimates the number of children a woman would have if she experienced the current age-specific fertility rates throughout her lifetime.
