YLL is calculated by determining the difference between the age at death and a standard life expectancy for each individual who dies prematurely. The formula is: YLL = Σ (Life Expectancy - Age at Death) For example, if the life expectancy is set at 80 years and an individual dies at 50, then the YLL for that individual is 30 years. This method allows for the aggregation of data across a population to understand the overall burden of premature deaths.