How is Commuting Stress Measured in Epidemiological Studies?
In epidemiological studies, commuting stress is measured using a combination of self-reported questionnaires, objective data from GPS devices, and physiological markers such as cortisol levels. Surveys may include questions about travel duration, perceived stress levels, and modes of transportation. Objective data can provide insights into actual travel times and delays, while physiological markers can indicate the body's stress response.
