How Does Ionizing Radiation Cause Cellular Damage?
Ionizing radiation primarily causes cellular damage through direct and indirect mechanisms:
1. Direct Action: Radiation directly interacts with the DNA molecule, causing breaks in the DNA strands. This can result in mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and cell death if the damage is not properly repaired.
2. Indirect Action: Radiation interacts with water molecules within the cell, producing free radicals. These highly reactive species can damage cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and cell membranes.
