Several methods are used to evaluate and improve calibration in epidemiology. Some of the common methods include:
Calibration Plots: These plots compare predicted probabilities to observed outcomes to visually assess the calibration. Hosmer-Lemeshow Test: A statistical test that divides the data into groups and compares observed and expected frequencies. Brier Score: A measure of the accuracy of probabilistic predictions, where lower scores indicate better calibration. Recalibration Techniques: Methods such as isotonic regression or logistic calibration can be used to adjust the model.
