Transmission Dynamics The way a disease spreads (e.g., airborne, vector-borne, direct contact) significantly impacts outbreak patterns. For instance, airborne diseases can spread rapidly and widely, creating propagated outbreaks, whereas vector-borne diseases might show more localized patterns.
Population Immunity The level of immunity in a population, whether due to previous exposure or vaccination, influences outbreak dynamics. High immunity can lead to less severe outbreaks, while low immunity can result in rapid and widespread transmission.
Environmental Conditions Environmental factors like climate, sanitation, and vector presence can affect how and where an outbreak occurs. For example, waterborne diseases are more likely in areas with poor sanitation.
