How are Prognostic Biomarkers Identified and Validated?
The identification and validation of prognostic biomarkers involve multiple steps: 1. Discovery Phase: Using high-throughput techniques like genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to identify potential biomarkers. 2. Analytical Validation: Ensuring that the biomarker can be reliably measured with precision. 3. Clinical Validation: Demonstrating that the biomarker is associated with clinical outcomes in independent patient cohorts. 4. Clinical Utility: Proving that using the biomarker improves patient outcomes or healthcare efficiency.
