Identifying Outbreaks: By comparing genetic profiles of pathogens from different patients, epidemiologists can identify outbreaks and link cases that might not appear connected initially. Tracing Transmission: These techniques help trace the transmission routes of pathogens, which is vital for implementing targeted infection control measures. Antimicrobial Resistance: Molecular typing can identify specific genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance, aiding in the development of appropriate treatment protocols. Surveillance: Continuous monitoring of pathogen genetic diversity enhances surveillance programs and informs public health strategies.