Seasonality: Many infectious diseases, like the flu, exhibit seasonal peaks due to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Human Behavior: Changes in human activities, such as travel and social gatherings, often influence the transmission of diseases. Pathogen Life Cycle: The life cycle of pathogens can also contribute to cyclic patterns. For instance, vector-borne diseases like malaria have cycles linked to the life cycle of the vector. Immunity: Population immunity can lead to cyclic patterns. For example, after an epidemic, the population’s immunity levels may prevent another outbreak until immunity wanes.
