Several epidemiological studies and clinical trials highlighted the risks associated with Vioxx. Retrospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicated that patients using Vioxx had a higher incidence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. For instance, a study in the New England Journal of Medicine reported that the relative risk of myocardial infarction was doubled in patients taking Vioxx compared to those on other NSAIDs or placebo.
