Several methods can be employed to test hypotheses in epidemiology:
Observational Studies: Including cohort and case-control studies, these studies observe and analyze the relationship between exposure and outcomes without manipulating variables. Experimental Studies: Such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), where participants are assigned to exposure or control groups to test the effects of an intervention. Cross-sectional Studies: These studies analyze data from a population at a single point in time to identify associations between variables.
