Sputum Smear Microscopy: This is the most common method used. It involves examining sputum samples under a microscope to detect the presence of TB bacteria. Chest X-Rays: Used to detect lung abnormalities that may indicate TB. This method is often used in conjunction with sputum smear microscopy. Molecular Tests: Tests like GeneXpert MTB/RIF detect TB bacteria and drug resistance within hours. These tests are more accurate and faster than traditional methods. Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs): These tests measure the immune response to TB bacteria and are used mainly for latent TB infection screening.
