What mechanisms do cancer cells use to evade the immune system?
Cancer cells can evade the immune system through several mechanisms:
Immune Checkpoint Inhibition: Cancer cells can express proteins like PD-L1 that bind to immune checkpoints on T-cells, inhibiting their activity. Antigen Loss: Cancer cells may lose the expression of antigens that are recognized by the immune system, making them "invisible." Secretion of Immunosuppressive Factors: Cancer cells can secrete cytokines and other factors that suppress the immune response. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs): Cancer can recruit Tregs which suppress the activity of other immune cells.
