What is the Role of the Real World Environment in Epidemiology?

The real-world environment includes various factors such as the social, economic, physical, and biological contexts in which people live. These factors can significantly influence disease transmission and health outcomes. For instance, densely populated urban areas may facilitate the rapid spread of infectious diseases, while rural areas might experience challenges in accessing healthcare services. Environmental factors such as climate change can also alter the distribution of vector-borne diseases by affecting the habitats of vectors like mosquitoes.