What Are the Challenges in Real World Epidemiological Research?

Conducting epidemiological research in the real world presents several challenges. One significant challenge is data collection and quality. Accurate and reliable data are essential for meaningful analyses, yet issues such as underreporting, misclassification, and missing data can complicate studies. Additionally, ethical considerations must be addressed, especially when dealing with sensitive health information. Another challenge is accounting for confounding variables that might influence the observed relationships between exposures and outcomes.