What is the Relationship Between P-Value and Confidence Intervals?
P-values and confidence intervals are closely related. While a p-value indicates whether an effect exists, confidence intervals provide a range of values within which the true effect size is likely to lie. A confidence interval that does not include the null value (e.g., a relative risk of 1) corresponds to a p-value of less than 0.05, indicating statistical significance. Confidence intervals offer additional information about the precision and direction of an effect, complementing the p-value.
