The odds ratio (OR) is a measure often used in case-control studies to estimate the strength of the association between exposure and outcome. It compares the odds of exposure among cases (those with the disease) to the odds of exposure among controls (those without the disease). The formula is: Odds Ratio (OR) = (Odds of exposure in cases) / (Odds of exposure in controls) An OR greater than 1 indicates a higher odds of exposure among cases, suggesting a potential link between the exposure and the disease.
