The clustering coefficient is a measure that indicates the likelihood that two individuals who have a common connection will also be connected to each other. Mathematically, it is defined as the ratio of the number of closed triplets (triangles) to the total number of triplets (open or closed) in the network. This can be expressed as:
\[ C = \frac{3 \times \text{number of triangles}}{\text{number of connected triples of vertices}} \]
