Study power is defined as the probability that a study will detect an effect, such as a difference or association, when there is a true effect present. Mathematically, it is represented as 1 - β, where β is the probability of making a Type II error. A Type II error occurs when a study fails to detect an effect that actually exists. High power is generally considered to be 0.80 or 80%, indicating a 20% chance of a Type II error.
