Several factors can influence sampling variability, including sample size, sampling method, and population heterogeneity:
1. Sample Size: Larger samples tend to have less sampling variability because they are more likely to capture the diversity of the population. 2. Sampling Method: Random sampling methods generally produce more reliable estimates than non-random methods because they reduce selection bias. 3. Population Heterogeneity: Populations with greater variability in the characteristic being measured will exhibit higher sampling variability.
