Oncogenesis is primarily caused by mutations in specific genes, known as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These mutations can occur due to various factors, including:
1. Genetic predisposition: Individuals with a family history of certain cancers are at higher risk. 2. Environmental factors: Exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke, ultraviolet radiation, and certain chemicals can induce mutations. 3. Infections: Some viruses like HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) have been linked to cancer development. 4. Lifestyle choices: Poor diet, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk.
