Despite their importance, serological studies have limitations:
1. Cross-Reactivity: Antibodies against one pathogen may cross-react with antigens from another, leading to false positives.
2. Duration of Antibody Presence: The duration for which antibodies remain detectable can vary, affecting the accuracy of prevalence estimates.
3. Variability in Immune Response: Different individuals may produce antibodies at different rates and levels, complicating the interpretation of results.
