Despite their advantages, in vitro models have several limitations:
1. Complexity: They may not fully capture the complexity of an entire organism. For instance, interactions between different cell types, tissues, and organs are difficult to replicate in vitro. 2. Environment: The artificial environment of a laboratory may not accurately reflect the conditions within a living organism, potentially leading to results that are not entirely predictive of in vivo responses. 3. Scalability: Scaling up in vitro models to study population-level effects can be challenging, limiting their applicability in some epidemiological contexts.
