Clinical trials typically proceed through several phases:
Phase I: Tests safety, dosage, and side effects in a small group of healthy volunteers or patients. Phase II: Evaluates efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients. Phase III: Confirms efficacy, monitors side effects, and compares the new treatment to standard treatments in a large patient population. Phase IV: Conducted after a treatment has been approved, to monitor its long-term effectiveness and impact.
