Vector vaccines work by exploiting the natural ability of certain viruses or bacteria to infect cells and introduce genetic material. The genetic material in vector vaccines is specifically engineered to encode an antigen from the target pathogen. When the vector infects a host cell, it delivers this genetic material, and the host cell machinery produces the antigen. This antigen is then recognized by the immune system, triggering an immune response that will protect against future infection by the actual pathogen.
