The contributing factors to these differences are multifaceted and include biological, behavioral, and social determinants. Biological factors like hormones play a significant role; for example, estrogen has been shown to have protective effects against certain cardiovascular conditions. Behavioral factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and diet also differ between genders and contribute to varying health outcomes. Finally, social determinants of health like access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, and occupational exposures further influence these disparities.
