- Sensitivity and Specificity: Ensuring that tests are both sensitive (detecting all true positives) and specific (excluding all true negatives) can be difficult. - Sample Quality: Poor sample collection, handling, or storage can lead to inaccurate results. - Emerging Pathogens: New and evolving pathogens may not be detectable with existing methods. - Resource Limitations: In low-resource settings, access to advanced diagnostic tools can be limited. - Antigenic Variation: Pathogens that frequently change their surface proteins can evade detection.
