Various statistical tools are used to measure the strength and direction of an association:
- Relative Risk (RR): Commonly used in cohort studies, RR compares the risk of the outcome occurring in the exposed group to the risk in the unexposed group. - Odds Ratio (OR): Often used in case-control studies, OR compares the odds of exposure in cases (those with the outcome) to the odds of exposure in controls (those without the outcome). - Correlation Coefficient: Measures the degree to which two continuous variables move in relation to each other.
