The effectiveness of LLINs is typically evaluated through a combination of epidemiological studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and entomological assessments. Key metrics include reductions in mosquito populations, mosquito bites, and incidence rates of mosquito-borne diseases. Long-term monitoring and surveillance are also crucial to assess the ongoing impact of LLINs and to identify any emerging issues such as insecticide resistance.