Serotyping involves several laboratory techniques to identify the specific antigens present on a microorganism's surface. Common methods include:
Slide Agglutination: This involves mixing a suspension of the microorganism with specific antisera. If agglutination (clumping) occurs, it indicates the presence of the corresponding antigen. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay): This technique uses antibodies linked to an enzyme that produces a detectable signal, allowing for the identification of specific antigens. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): Molecular methods like PCR can amplify DNA sequences specific to certain serotypes, providing precise identification. Whole Genome Sequencing: Advanced genomic techniques can provide comprehensive data on the genetic makeup of pathogens, allowing for detailed serotype classification.
