Pre-testing can be conducted through various methods such as:
1. Pilot Studies: Small-scale studies conducted to test the feasibility of the main study. 2. Cognitive Interviews: Interviews with participants to understand how they perceive and interpret survey questions. 3. Focus Groups: Group discussions to gather diverse perspectives on the questionnaire or intervention. 4. Field Trials: Testing the data collection instruments in real-world settings to identify any practical issues.
