Karyotyping typically involves the following steps: 1. Sample Collection: Cells are collected from an individual, often from blood, amniotic fluid, or bone marrow. 2. Cell Culture: The cells are cultured to increase their number. 3. Chromosome Preparation: Cells are arrested in metaphase using a mitotic inhibitor. 4. Staining: Chromosomes are stained using a dye such as Giemsa, which highlights the banding patterns. 5. Microscopy Analysis: A microscope is used to capture images of the chromosomes, which are then arranged and analyzed by a cytogeneticist.
