Disease monitoring involves various methods and tools:
1. Surveillance Systems: These systems collect data from health care providers, laboratories, and other sources. Examples include the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) and the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). 2. Sentinel Surveillance: Involves monitoring disease trends in selected healthcare facilities or populations to provide early warnings of outbreaks. 3. Syndromic Surveillance: Uses health-related data that precede diagnosis to identify potential outbreaks (e.g., monitoring emergency room visits for flu-like symptoms). 4. Laboratory-Based Surveillance: Involves the collection and analysis of laboratory test results to track the occurrence of specific pathogens.
