APACHE II is frequently used in clinical and epidemiological research to: - Stratify Risk: Researchers often use APACHE II scores to stratify patients into different risk categories, allowing for more nuanced analyses. - Adjust for Confounders: The score is used as a covariate in statistical models to adjust for disease severity, thereby reducing confounding. - Benchmarking: Hospitals can use APACHE II scores to benchmark their performance against national or international standards.