Person-to-person transmission can occur through several mechanisms, including:
Direct contact: This involves physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible individual. Common examples include touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse. Indirect contact: This occurs when the infectious agent is transferred via a contaminated object or surface (fomite) that an infected person has touched. Droplet transmission: Large respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks can land on the mucous membranes of a nearby individual. Airborne transmission: Smaller respiratory particles or aerosols can remain suspended in the air and be inhaled by individuals over longer distances. Fecal-oral route: Pathogens present in the feces of an infected person can be ingested by another individual, often through contaminated food or water.
