How Does Holistic Epidemiology Differ from Traditional Epidemiology?

Traditional epidemiology often focuses on identifying specific risk factors and their direct relationships with diseases. In contrast, holistic epidemiology expands this focus to include a broad spectrum of variables. For example, while traditional epidemiology might investigate the relationship between smoking and lung cancer, holistic epidemiology would also consider the roles of stress, socioeconomic status, and environmental exposures in contributing to the disease.