Waterborne diseases are primarily spread through the ingestion of contaminated water. Pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites can cause illnesses like cholera, dysentery, and giardiasis. Contaminants can enter water sources through multiple routes:
- Human and animal waste: Improper disposal of waste can lead to contamination of both surface and groundwater. - Agricultural runoff: Pesticides and fertilizers can seep into water sources, introducing harmful chemicals and microorganisms. - Industrial discharge: Factories and industries may release pollutants directly into water bodies.
